BRAF and central nervous system cancer: V-raf murine viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) is implicated in the MEK/ERK signaling pathway activation and promoting cell proliferation.119 Targeted BRAF mutations, especially BRAFV600E missense mutations, have shown remarkable efficacy in other tumors.120 Although BRAF mutations have been observed in diverse glioma subtypes, they are rare in HGG.121 BRAF’s low mutation rate in HGG limits the therapeutic effect.122