ASPN and breast cancer: Lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18%), followed by colorectal cancer (9.4%), liver cancer (8.3%), gastric cancer (7.7%), and female breast cancer (6.9%).[38] Massive studies suggest that ASPN plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various cancers acting as an oncogene, with numerous studies linking ASPN to gastric cancer,[39,40] colon cancer,[41] pancreatic cancer,[42] prostate cancer[43] via EMT process.