Studies based on rodent models have found that TGF-β injection could inhibit the development of several autoimmune diseases, such as T1DM, multiple sclerosis and SLE.[122] Moreover, the levels of TGF-β were found to inversely associated with disease severity of the patients with multiple sclerosis or SLE.[122] Therefore, it is reasonable that the decreased levels of TGF-β could be observed in POI patients. Here, TGFB1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.