PIK3R1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Nie et al found that macrophage-specific Akt1 deletion attenuated BLM-induced Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and ultimately concluded that Akt1 may regulate pulmonary fibrosis through upregulation of macrophage-derived IL-13.[28] In conclusion the roles and mechanisms of PIK3CA, PIK3R1, MAPK1, SRC, AKT1 in human pulmonary fibrosis are being extensively studied.