ESM1 and Pleural effusion: Participants with ascites and/or pleural effusion during hospitalization had a trend for a higher ESM1 value (S5A Fig). In contrast, plasma concentrations of syndecan-1 (SDC1), a surrogate marker of endothelial glycocalyx degradation [59], correlated positively with a large number of inflammatory proteins (Fig 4) and fluid accumulation during hospitalization (S5B Fig).