ISM1 and diabetes mellitus: Additionally, in the work of Jiang et al. (2021) [7], the therapeutic dosing of recombinant ISM1 improved glucose tolerance to the same degree as metformin, enhanced diabetes in diet-induced obese mice, and ameliorated hepatic steatosis in a diet-induced fatty liver mouse model, establishing that recombinant ISM1 and its derivatives may be explored for therapeutic purposes and may offer certain advantages over current monotherapies.