PDCD1 and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: This is consistent with previous findings, in which PD-1 positively correlated with ALT levels (32–34), was highly expressed on IL-2–producing tissue-resident CD8+ T cells (26, 35), and was associated with non-HBV models of chronic inflammation, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis or polyomavirus encephalitis (36–38).