TGF-β is a “major” cytokine/growth factor that activates fibroblasts and promotes ECM production through canonical SMAD signaling in injured or diseased tissues 6, 7 .The molecular mechanisms by which CD147 regulates the HG-induced activation and proliferation of CFs were investigated by incubating the CFs in media containing different concentrations of glucose (5 mM and 33 mM) for 2 days to mimic diabetes in vitro followed by transfection with Ad-sh CD147 or Ad-sh NC. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.