NDRG1 and neoplasm: NDRG1 exhibits a pleiotropic activity depending on the types of tumors and tissues as several studies identified NDRG1 as a tumor and metastasis suppressor in colorectal, prostate, breast, or pancreatic cancer 3-5, but it showed a pro-oncogenic role in other cancers, including aggressive breast cancer, by promoting tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis and poor prognosis 6-9.