CD68 and pemphigus foliaceus: Therefore, in the present study, vinpocetine was examined for its antifibrotic potential in a rat model of PF induced by intratracheal administration of bleomycin concerning its effect on body weight gain rates, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) total and differential cell count, cytokine levels, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, lung tissue PDE activity, oxidative stress indicators, hydroxyproline content, histopathological changes, fibrosis score, immunohistochemical expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and macrophage CD68.