Both IHC and RNA-seq data analyses revealed that CRC tissues (from 340 CRC patients randomly selected from cohort 1) exhibited significantly increased expression of two representative mitochondrial biomass markers, mitochondrial matrix protein (HSP60, heat shock protein 60) and mitochondrial membrane-anchored respiratory chain component (COX IV) at both protein and mRNA levels when compared to the adjacent non-tumor tissues (Figure 6A-B). Here, COX4I1 is linked to neoplasm.