PHB1 and NIX co-localization in ileal crypts of Crohn’s disease patients (average 27 ileal crypts/patient across 6 patients) or non-IBD control patients (average 47 ileal crypts/patient across 6 patients) was visualized and quantitated by immunofluorescent staining (Fig. 6A; arrows). This evidence concerns the gene BNIP3L and inflammatory bowel disease.