Meanwhile, their work demonstrated that the GBP5 L307A-P308A mutant had little effect on the inhibition of furin cleavage activity and HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein processing but lowered its HIV-1 infection restriction [27], arguing that GBPs may employ furin-independent pathways to inhibit viral infection, such as altering viral envelope glycoprotein glycosylation or trafficking. Here, ERVW-1 is linked to HIV-1 infection.