Monocytes absorb low-density lipoprotein to form lipid-laden foam cell aggregates after transmigration, which further secrete inflammatory cytokines and pro-fibrotic chemokines such as TGF-β, stimulate the differentiation of smooth muscle cells into myofibroblasts, and generate large quantities of type IV collagen, eventually leading to arterial stenosis and fibrosis (36). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Arterial stenosis.