As shown in Supplementary Table 2, we found that co-existing T2DM (P = 0.027) was an independent risk factor associated with incidence of MVI, along with HBV DNA load > 104 IU/mL (P = 0.003), no antiviral treatment (P = 0.003), AFP ≥ 400 ng/mL (P = 0.006), tumor diameter > 5 cm (P = 0.001), incomplete tumor capsule (P = 0.004), and cirrhosis (P = 0.026). Here, AFP is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.