Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, as one of proinflammatory cytokines in tumor cachexia, is responsible for several metabolic derangements and stimulates catabolism of muscle mainly by activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) (33) and nuclear factor of kappa-B (NF-κB) (34) signaling pathway. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is neoplasm.