Both TLR and IL-1R family members drive MyD88-dependent inflammation, and TLR7 is a MyD88-dependent endosomal TLR that has been shown to be of critical importance in several autoimmune diseases (9–11), most notably Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) or lupus (12). The gene discussed is MYD88; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.