Furthermore, in cancer cells, direct interaction of uPA with its receptor uPAR (encoded by PLAUR) facilitates the activation of multiple intracellular cell-signalling pathways, which regulate proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem cell-like properties, release from states of dormancy, cell survival, chemoresistance, angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry (7, 24–27, 33–41) in cancer. The gene discussed is PLAU; the disease is cancer.