Lysates from damaged intestinal and lung epithelial cells drive IL-1α-dependent intestinal and lung fibroblast inflammatory mediator production, respectively, and conditioned media from IBD patient tissue explants elicits IL-1-dependent intestinal fibroblast secretion of neutrophil chemoattractants including CXCL1 and CXCL8 (11, 45, 46). This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and inflammatory bowel disease.