With current therapy having limited effects on treating fibrostenotic EoE, and ample evidence of production of TNF by esophageal fibroblast to contribute to inflammatory cascade in EoE (51), this study opens up a new area in EoE therapeutics by showing the role of DHF in modulating pro-inflammatory markers in EoE. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is eosinophilic esophagitis.