MSR1 and atherosclerosis: In the early stages of atherosclerosis, cholesterol induces oxidative stress on the walls of blood vessels and promotes LDL modification, then modified LDL activates endothelial cells to release adhesion molecules, inflammatory factors, and chemotactic monocytes migrate to the subendothelial layer and differentiate into macrophages, whose surface protein MSR1 binds and internalizes modified LDL(e.g., ox-LDL and ac-LDL), resulting in lipid deposition in macrophages and eventually cholesterol-rich foam cells (90).