LTA and schizophrenia: One study shows that there are no specific changes in TNF-β levels among subjects at high risk of psychosis (30) while Karanikas et al., who measured 12 circulating cytokines including TNF-β in males at the prodromal stage of psychosis, revealed that only IL-4 levels were significantly increased in UHR subjects than in HCs and schizophrenia patients (66).