HTNV-infected endothelial cells secreted IL-15, which could induce CD122+NKG2D+ EBV or CMV p/HLA-A*02 tetramer+CD8+ T cells response with high frequencies, excessive activation status and effector memory-expressing CD45RA phenotypes in HFRS patients. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.