Studies have shown that supplementation with a butyrate diet can inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice while reducing the production of chemotaxis protein 1 (CMP-1) at the site of vascular injury, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), and matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2), reducing macrophage migration, and increasing collagen deposition and plaque stability (Kasahara et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and atherosclerosis.