TNF and colitis: A recent study found that CRYAB expression was significantly reduced in both IBD patients and DSS-induced colitis mouse models and negatively correlated with TNF-α and IL-6 levels; CRYAB could reduce cellular inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8) production in vitro by inhibiting IKKβ activity, and in colitis mice in vivo (Xu et al., 2019).