INS and hyperlipidemia: Although it has been shown that long-term intake of maltodextrin and cornstarch may have adverse health effects such as impaired insulin sensitivity and hyperlipidemia (50), the difference in % kcal of glucose from digestion of cornstarch and maltodextrin between 10 and 25% kcal sucrose diets in our study is considered small (e.g., 55 vs. 47.5% kcal glucose for 10% and 25% kcal sucrose diets, respectively, assuming 60% kcal from carbohydrates), that would only have minute influences if any on our study results, which overall also showed no significant differences between groups.