CCL19 and neoplasm: In addition to immune cells, the CCR7/CCL19 axis is expressed in airway smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, and fibroblasts (Rodríguez-Fernández and Criado-García, 2020), and is involved in biological processes such as tissue repair, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, and tumor metastasis (Xu et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2020).