INS and Hyperinsulinemia: In an (ex vivo) hypertrophy model, hearts from ANG-II-treated mice exhibited decreased insulin sensitivity with markedly reduced glucose oxidation rates (Mori et al., 2013), whereas clinical trials in healthy subjects using the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique showed that acute and chronic hyperinsulinemia increases RAAS activation (Rooney et al., 1991; Perlstein et al., 2007).