PARP1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Sharma’s review also showed that the detection DDR genes involved in the pathogenesis of PAH include Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and Proto-oncogene Serine/Threonine Kinase (PIM-1), Eyes Absent Homolog 3 (EYA3) and checkpoint kinase-1(CHK1), when these genes are up-regulated in PASMCs of PAH, they lead to increased DNA repair and proliferation and decreased apoptosis, thereby promoting PASMCs proliferation.