It has been reported that glutathione metabolism in brain metastases from NSCLC is regulated by glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase; among them, GPX4 and GSTM1 are overexpressed in BM subsets, and cause massive consumption of GSH in brain metastases of lung cancer (Liu et al., 2021). Here, HPGDS is linked to lung carcinoma.