In HCC, cancer cell-based fibronectin 1 (FN-1) activates glycolysis within macrophages by triggering TLR4, which results in the significant upregulation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which, in turn, enhances the syntheses of IL-1β, IL-12p70, TNF-α, HLA-DR, and PD-L1. Here, FN1 is linked to cancer.