To delineate the impact of PCSK9 from each source, we generated allografts from B16 EV, PCSK9, D374Y, and Q152H cells in Pcsk9−/− mice, and observed similar tumor growth profiles compared to C57BL/6 mice, i.e. inhibition and enhancement of tumor growth by Q152H and PCSK9 respectively, as well as further enhancement by D374Y in Pcsk9−/− mice (Fig. 9a) and C57BL/6 mice (Fig. 2e). This evidence concerns the gene PCSK9 and neoplasm.