The upregulations of Pdl1, Lag3, B7h4, Klrc-1, and Pvrig immune checkpoints observed in D374Y tumors in C57BL/6 mice (Fig. 5c) did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05) in tumor produced in Pcsk9−/− mice, but the trends remained (Additional file 19: Fig S19a-e). Here, VTCN1 is linked to neoplasm.