ATF4 and breast carcinoma: Neuropilins (NRPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors known as therapeutic targets of tumor growth and metastasis, promote tumorigenesis in breast cancer cells by localizing to FAs and binding to α6β1 integrin to activate FAK/Src.247 FAs regulate turnover and cell mobility through microtubules, and autophagy and ubiquitination are equally important for their role as biosensors of the cellular microenvironment and for migration.189 Hypoxia induces anoikis resistance by regulating activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and autophagy genes via the integrin signaling pathway.