CD4 and syphilis: In the multivariable analysis, CD4/CD8 ratio at T1 was the only independent predictor of a positive change of CD8 + T-cell (unstandardized coefficient (B) = 112.8; 95%CI 22.9–202.7, p = 0.014) and total lymphocyte (B = 0.176; 95%CI 0.009–0.342, p = 0.039) levels while VDRL titre and syphilis reinfection were not.