Established risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma development are partially associated with etiology-specific mutations such as CTNNB1 (oral contraception), TP53 (aflatoxin), HFE1 (alcohol abuse), chromosome 1q gain (hepatitis C) and mutagenesis through insertion of oncoproteins (hepatitis B)7–9. Here, TP53 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.