To gain further insight into the types of infections and nasopharyngeal host responses associated with CXCL10 elevation, we compared microbial reads and host transcriptional responses in the eight discovered samples with virus-negative samples and samples positive for rhinovirus, seasonal coronavirus CoV-NL63, or SARS-CoV-2 (figure 2, appendix pp 12–14). Here, CXCL10 is linked to infection.