Hypermethylation in ex vivo-cultivated IM as well as in samples of IM in vivo and BE affected a set of particular CpG islands, related to extra-embryonic ectoderm-specific genes found in most cancer types, including GC, and thought to result from dysregulated fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) signaling [55]. This evidence concerns the gene FGF2 and cancer.