PTGS2 and neoplasm: NF-κB can be activated by a wide variety of stimuli including viruses, bacterial toxins, UV light, oxidative stresses, inflammatory stimuli, cytokines, carcinogens, tumor promoters, and various mitogens [21, 22], and it regulates the expression of inflammatory-related genes including iNOS, COX-2, lipoxygenase (LOX), cytokines, adhesion molecules, cell cycle regulatory molecules, and angiogenic factors [23].