BDNF and major depressive disorder: In addition, exercise can increase the expression of dopamine and serotonin receptors and reduce anxiety and depression by increasing the transcription of genes, reducing oxidative stress, increasing levels of neurotrophins, ephedrines, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), improving the sensitivity of neurotransmitter receptors in the synaptic space, neurogenesis, endorphins secretion, dopamine transporters, serotonin and modulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity (Shenas et al., 2021 ▶).