IL6 and chronic kidney disease: The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the overall effect size of curcumin on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in patients with CKD and those receiving HD.