ACE and hypertensive disorder: Since both medication classes are primarily prescribed for patients with hypertensive disease, this negative causal effect further underlines the importance of ACE inhibitors in controlling COVID-19 severe illness (diuretics: ORIVW = 0.47, PIVW = 2.66E-15; RAAS: ORIVW = 0.36, PIVW = 1.87E-17).