ZIC1 and colon adenocarcinoma: Cui et al. (2020) found that HOXC11 functions as a novel oncogene in colon adenocarcinoma and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. The down-regulating of LHX2 was able to inhibit the nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth (Liang et al., 2019). Besides, the role of ZIC in different tumors remains controversial (Lu et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2020b).