TNF and neoplasm: Our in-vivo experiments demonstrated that the PX formula exhibited a stronger antitumor effect than XH treatment, as evidenced by the suppressed tumor size and inhibited levels of IL-17, IL-6, and TNFα, which are the best characterized independent risk factors for CRC [22–24] and increased IFNγ expression that inhibits the expansion of disseminated colorectal cancer cells [25].