ACE and acute kidney injury: The American College of Chest Physicians recommends prophylactic low molecular weight heparin to be started 12 or more hours preoperatively due to the increased risk of sustaining a thromboembolic event [9,10]. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and ARBs are routinely omitted due to the increased risk of perioperative hypotension, acute kidney injury, and myocardial complications [5].