HMGB-1 participates in intestinal inflammation of NEC by inhibiting the NLR pyrin domain containing 3 via Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways and decreases intestinal microcirculatory perfusion by rescuing nitric oxide production and eliminating oxygen production through endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation (23, 37). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is necrotizing enterocolitis.