Many studies have reported the effects of blocking IL-1β: pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide administration reduces levels of IL-1β in rats with DR, thus protecting retinal tissue (67); blockade of IL-1β restores islet beta cell function over a short period or even allows some islet beta cells to regenerate (57); IL-1 blockers are effective in many autoinflammatory syndromes (68), suggesting their anti-inflammatory effects; and IL-1 receptor antagonists are effective in treating many eye diseases, such as uveitis and scleritis (69). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is autoinflammatory syndrome.