Of note, OCT4 together with SOX2 and NANOG were reported to reprogram the cancer cells to cancer stem cells (CSCs) and serve as major transcription factors maintaining the stemness of CSCs (Bayik and Lathia 2021; Villodre et al. 2016), and calcification or/and osteogenesis were noted in various cancers (Cook et al. 2019; Wen et al. 2018; O'Grady and Morgan 2018). This evidence concerns the gene SOX2 and cancer.