IGF1 and pemphigus foliaceus: As illustrated in Fig. 6A, p-NF-κB(Ser536)/NF-κB was significantly increased in the CD-NPs-induced pre-fibrotic cell model and could be inhibited by PPP for 24 h; this result is evidence that inhibition of IGF1/IGF1R signaling to inhibit CD-NPs-induced PF could be achieved through NF-κB signaling.