IGF1 and pemphigus foliaceus: In this study, (1) IGF1/IGF1R signaling plays an important role in CD-NPs-induced PF; (2) Activation of IGF1/IGF1R signaling promotes CD-NPs-induced ROS production; (3) ROS production promotes CD-NPs through the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway NPs-induced inflammation and EMT; and (4) AKT/GSK3β signal mediates ROS and the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.