In this study, we investigated the roles and interrelationships of the IGF1/IGF1R signaling, ROS generation, AKT/GSK3β signaling, and NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling in CD-NPs-induced PF, thereby elucidating the potential mechanism of CD-NPs-induced PF. Here, NFKB1 is linked to pemphigus foliaceus.