HTRA1 and Menkes disease: In East Asians, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) caused by NOTCH3 mutations (Lee et al. 2019), CADASIL2 and CARASIL (recessive) caused by HTRA1 mutations (Liao et al. 2015), and moyamoya disease (MD) caused by RNF213 mutations, are particularly prevalent (Bang et al. 2020).