TNF and acute kidney injury: The inflammatory response is tightly involved in the progression of a stroke, under stroke conditions, the body is in a pro-inflammatory state, and the C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly increased following stroke (25, 26), and these inflammatory factors were all reported to be associated with the development of AKI (27, 28).